Oceanographic samples have historically been gathered by scientific specialists. Accessible and reliable technology is now putting data-gathering tools into the hands of citizen scientists, opening the door to innovative new approaches to coastal monitoring.
Ocean Networks Canada’s (ONC) Community Fishers app offers vessel operators, mariners, and fishers an opportunity to collect water column data by using a conductivity-temperature-depth instrument connected to a mobile device. The app simplifies the collection and transfer of oceanographic data to ONC’s data management portal, Oceans 2.0, for evidence-based decision-making (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Pacheedaht First Nations Community Fishers team members Leon Jones and Guy Louie sample water column data in the Strait of Georgia during a training session with ONC’s Tanner Owca (right) in January 2020. The conductivity-temperature-depth sensor collects high resolution water profile information. These data flow through the Community Fishers app to ONC’s data management portal, Oceans 2.0.
To make it easy for sea-going citizen scientists to gather data while out on the water, the Community Fishers app automates many of the steps involved. Water column data collected by the conductivity-temperature-depth instrument—water temperature, salinity, turbidity, chlorophyll, and dissolved oxygen—are transmitted to a tablet while onboard, with date, time, and location stamps. When Internet connectivity becomes available, these data are automatically uploaded to ONC, where they are quality-checked and made freely accessible via Oceans 2.0 (Figure 2).
Figure 2. Water profiles for data collected in the Strait of Georgia, as displayed in Oceans 2.0.
Water column data gathered by the Community Fishers app can be used by citizens and researchers alike, providing insight into ocean conditions, understanding of fish and mammal habitat, and to establish baseline data for our changing ocean.
Developed in partnership with the Pacific Salmon Foundation
In 2015, ONC partnered with the Pacific Salmon Foundation to develop the Community Fishers app, with a goal to extend the spatial reach of ocean data collected across the Salish Sea. As part of the US-Canada Salish Sea Marine Survival Project, the Pacific Salmon Foundation has been leading Canadian efforts in the Strait of Georgia to understand the causes of declines in coho and Chinook salmon.
“To understand what’s limiting Pacific salmon abundance in the Salish Sea, we need a large amount of very detailed data over an extensive period of time and covering a large geographic area,” says Brian Riddell, Pacific Salmon Foundation’s science advisor.
“The Community Fishers app and the support from ONC has played a key role in the success of the program,” comments Nicole Frederickson, Pacific Salmon Foundation Citizen Science Oceanography Program manager. “It’s unique in that it allows data to be collected at a spatial and temporal level that has never been possible before. This allows for accurate, consistent data comparisons for conditions throughout the Strait of Georgia, helping us to better understand what is impacting the survival of Pacific salmon at a local level. The Community Fishers data has also been used to create an interactive Atlas of Oceanographic Conditions in the Strait of Georgia, and helps inform scientists and researchers studying zooplankton, harmful algae blooms, and general oceanographic conditions in the Salish Sea.”
Currently, the Pacific Salmon Foundation’s citizen scientist group includes seven patrols who conduct oceanographic surveys approximately once every two weeks at established stations in the Strait of Georgia. The 704 samples they collected in 2020 were checked by ONC’s data analytics team and uploaded to both Oceans 2.0 and the Strait of Georgia Data Centre.
In the busy Burrard Inlet, the Tsleil-Waututh Nation collected bi-weekly samples throughout 2020. This water column data supplements the continuous seafloor data gathered by the community observatory deployed in 2018, adding to the long-term dataset for this busy inner-city waterway.
New data visualisation products
In September 2020, ONC launched a new geospatial mapping tool that further enhances the Community Fishers experience (Figure 3). This interactive visual interface displays high-resolution water column profiles, enabling clear visual representations of complex underwater environments. The geospatial map helps users identify problems, track changes, set priorities, perform forecasting, and respond to events.
Figure 3. ONC’s geospatial mapping tool within the Oceans 2.0 portal.
Growing the initiative
The Community Fishers initiative is continually growing, with new partnerships along the Arctic, Atlantic, and Pacific coasts, including the T’Souke First Nation and Pacheedaht First Nation on southern Vancouver Island, the Kitsumkalum First Nation in the Skeena Estuary, Frobisher Bay near Iqaluit, and the Maritime Aboriginal Peoples Council in Nova Scotia. A University of Victoria Community Fishers training program provides community members with an overview of these user-friendly tools and best practices for collecting ocean data from mobile instruments.
“I look forward to continuing to build scientific and technical capacity in more and more communities along Canada’s three coasts,” says Ryan Flagg, ONC's community-based monitoring manager. “ONC’s Community Fishers program is committed to helping communities share and make use of their amazing experience and gather scientific, local knowledge about their ocean environment.”
To find out more about how to participate in ONC’s Community Fishers program, contact Ryan Flagg at rmflagg@uvic.ca.
Related
New app helps citizen scientists collect ocean data (June 2015)
